The Hohokum is the name given to the ancient desert farmers who farmed the low lands of the Salt and Gila rivers, in the Phoenix Valley, as early as 300 AD. They were the first desert farmers in North America and constructed an elaborate system of canals, and developed farming techniques uniquely suited to the dry desert environment. The Salt River Pima-Maricopa Community, and the Gila River Pima-Mariposa Community are their descendants.

While traditional ways of farming, and modern techniques informed by traditional ways, do continue within these communities, many community members have left farming for a more urban life. In a recent development, the Gila River Community settled with the State of Arizona and the Federal Government over water rights that entitle the Community to a significant portion of CAP/Salt River Project water. This has made the Pima-Mariposa powerful players in the water politics of Central Arizona.

Imagery: Salt River Pima-Mariposa Community farm lands.